Timeline

Ancient Era — Indigenous peoples have inhabited the continent for many thousands of years.

1770 — The eastern coast is claimed for Britain by James Cook.

1788 — The First Fleet lands at Warrane (modern-day Sydney Cove).

1851 — The start of the gold rush era.

1901 — The Commonwealth is formed through federation.

1914–18 — The nation participates in the First World War.

1939–45 — The nation is involved in the Second World War.

1967 — A national referendum approves constitutional amendments regarding Indigenous peoples.

1992 — The High Court's Mabo ruling acknowledges native title.

2008 — The government issues a formal National Apology.

2023 — The referendum for a Voice to Parliament is defeated.